Schwannoma of nasal inferior turbinate in young male: a rare occurrence

A 12-year old boy presented to the ENT Department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, with a one year history of progressively increasing unilateral right sided nasal obstruction. He denied any other symptoms like that of rhinorrhea, epistaxis, facial pain, headache and any history of nasal trauma. After routine clinical examination, CT scan nose/PNS with contrast was advised and subsequently biopsy was done that revealed the mass to be as schwannoma. This was then removed via a lateral rhinotomy approach and the postoperative specimen again revealed the same. The boy was followed for 1-year and no recurrence is seen. He is still in the follow-up phase

Prevalence of HCV genotypes in patients reporting in tertiary health care hospital of Karachi

The present study was designed to see the variables which may affect the conventional treatment outcome by injection interferon in chronic hepatitis "C" patients. Among these variables hepatitis "C" genotype is most important, as it influences the duration and dosage of anti-viral therapy. To determine the frequency distribution of HCV genotypes, a study was conducted in a tertiary care centre of Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan, where people of all ethnic origins are found. All the HCV positive patients, including impatient admitted in hospital and outpatients, more than 18 years of age, reported for genotyping of HCV in the clinical laboratory of Dr. Ziauddin Hospital from May 2009 to April 2010 were studied. HCV genotyping was performed on a total of 457 patients who tested positive for presence of Hepatitis "C" viral RNA. The most prevalent genotype was type 3 with 392 [85.8%] cases, followed by type 1 with 51 [11.2%] cases. There were only two cases with a co-infection of type 1 and 3, while genotype 2,4 and 5 were also seen in a few cases. Among the cases studied, there were higher proportion of females 276 [60.4%], dominating the HCV infected population. The present study revealed that genotype 3 was the most common genotype in patients with HCV infection in Karachi. Other genotypes were also present in the patients infected with HCV, but were of lesser frequency. To prevent the treatment failure it is advisable that before commencement of therapy, the genotype of the patient should be established so that appropriate treatment in correct dosage for optimal duration of time of time could be instituted

Comparative observation of microcirculation and tissue healing process in gastrointestinal anastomosis with apposition or inverted suturing / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare microcirculation and tissue healing process in gastrointestinal anastomosis with apposition or inverted suture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed in adult rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups. In group A, small intestine was transected at 20 cm and 40 cm from duodenojejunal ligament and apposition sutures were performed at 20 cm and inverted sutures at 40 cm. In group B, transaction and anastomosis were at the same location with group A while the suturing method was reversed. Anastomotic microcirculation and number of capillary were observed in vivo with naked eyes to evaluate inflammatory response, collagen proliferation and healing of epithelium and smooth muscle in both groups at postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 28.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, tissue layers at the anastomosis were approximated tight and neat with mild inflammation and primary wound healing. In group B, displacement and poor alignment of layers were seen with severe inflammation and secondary wound healing. Low frequency of microcirculation was detected in group A at day 3, and blood flow velocity significantly increased at day 7. Blood flow velocity was close to normal at day 14 and completely restored to the normal level at day 28. Microcirculation was lower in group A than that in group B at each time point. There were more capillaries, lower number of inflammatory cells, less collagen proliferation, and better healing of anastomotic epithelium and smooth muscle in group A than group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apposition suturing is better than inverted suturing in restoring local anastomotic microcirculation and healing of intestinal tissues.</p>

Proportion of maxillary vertical excess in dental patients visiting the Children's Hospital Lahore

The purpose of this study was to find the proportion of maxillary vertical excess in patients visiting orthodontic department of The Children Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore, and male to female ratio among the maxillary vertical excess cases. The material for the study consisted of 100 lateral cephalograms of subjects visiting the department of Orthodontics, The Children Hospital Lahore. There were 50 males and 50 females in the study sample. The mean age of the whole sample was 12.93 +/- .956 years with the range of 12 to 15 years. Lateral cephalograms of all subjects were taken in centric occlusion. The same operator traced all the cephalograms on acetate matt paper manually. Cephalometric parameters included three skeletal angular and three skeletal linear measurements. Two ratios including Jaraback and lower anterior facial were also evaluated. 25 cephalograms were retraced to eliminate error of method. The vertical excess subjects showed significantly increased values of < SN/MP, MMA and sum of posterior [inner] angles when compared to normal subjects. The Jaraback ratio was small indicating greater value of total anterior facial height [TAFH] of the vertical excess subjects. The value of lower anterior facial ratio was greater than normal indicating greater lower anterior facial height [LAFH] in vertical excess subjects. Numerical data was statistically analyzed using paired t-test [SPSS version 10]. The results showed thirty three cases of maxillary vertical excess and eleven cases of maxillary vertical deficiency in the study sample. Among the maxillary vertical excess cases 19 were males and 14 females